Preheat the oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit.
Cream together cocoa powder, sugar, softened butter, eggs, and vanilla until creamy.
In a separate bowl, stir together flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt until completely combined. About one cup at a time, add the dry ingredients to the creamed ingredients until completely combined. The batter will be thick and brownie-like.
By hand, stir in chocolate chips.
Scoop cookie dough using a traditional cookie scoop (about 2 Tbsp).
Press a well into your cookie dough ball and add caramel to each ball. Close the dough back around the caramel to seal it within the cookie ball.
Place cookie balls onto a cookie sheet covered in parchment paper.
Sprinkle with a pinch of coarse sea salt.
Bake at 350 for 12-14 minutes.
Let them cool slightly before serving. If you eat them warm, the center will be nice and gooey. If they cool to room temperature, the caramel will be a bit stiffer. Sticking them in the microwave for 10-12 seconds should bring them right back to warm, gooiness.